Published Research on Pain Relief & Healing Soft Tissue

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Clinical Outcomes of (DC) E-stim Therapy for Pain, Neuropathy, Wounds, Fractures, Injuries and More

• Bacteria growth was inhibited when using E-stim (Wheeler 1971)
• E-stim increases neutrophils and macrophages attraction to wounds (Fukushima 1953, Orida, Feldman 1982)
• Macrophage (white blood cell) migration was accelerated in electrical fields. (Cho, 2000)
• E-stim increases collagen deposits and better organized collagen fiber alignment. (Canseven, Atlalay 1996, Reger, 1999)
• E-stim increases new capillary formation in ischemic wounds (Goldman, 2004)
• Direct Current E-stim accelerated the healing of leg ulcers by 250%. (Carley, Wainapel 1985)
• Wound patients reported less pain and less infections with the use of DC E-stim. (Carley, Wainapel 1985)
• Pulsed DC E-stim caused all 25 chronic pressure ulcers to heal in 8 weeks (Wood, 1993)
• Pulsed High Volt DC E-stim group pressure ulcers healed 44% faster, Non E-stim group, their ulcers increased in size by 29% over the same 8 weeks. (Kloth, Feedar 1988)
• Diabetic patients showed an increase of Oxygen in the tissue by using E-stim (Dodgen, 1987)
• E-stim created a significant increase in partial pressure of Oxygen (Peters, 1998)
• High Volt Pulsed Current (HVPC) reduced the surface of the wounds by 50% in 4 weeks in chronic leg ulcers (Houghton, 2003)
• E-stim decreased size of venous ulcers by 47% while non treated ulcers increased in size by 42% over the 8 week medical trial. (Stiller, 1992)
• E-stim increases the rate of chronic wound healing by 144%. (Gardner, 1999 Meta-analysis of 15 studies)
• E-stim lead to solid bone healing of 10 previous non-union fractures (Andersson, Herberts, Kalen, 1984)
• E-stim enhances the repair process of ligaments (Akai, Rahman, Rabbani, 1987)
• E-stim demonstrated high success rates in complicated non-union bone fractures (Albert, Wong 1991)
• Direct Current E-stim enhanced the fracture healing (Chakkalakal, Lippiello, Shindell, Connolly 1990)
• E-stim was effective for enhancing healing rates of diabetic patients with open ulcers (Baker, Chambers, DeMuth, Villar 1997)
• The application of E-stim has been found to increase the rate of healing by more than 50% (Bogie, Reger, Levine, Sahgal, 2000)
• Results suggests that Direct Current E-stim increased fibroblast cells (repair) and collagen fiber alignment which will enhance healing of wounds. (Dunn, Doillon, Berg, Olson, Silver 1988)
• Direct Current, Micro Amperage E-stim treatment resulted in the healing of 70 out of 87 non-union fractures. Forsted, Dalinka, Mitchell, Brighton, Alavi 1978)
• Direct Current, Low Amperage E-stim resulted in inhibiting adhesion formation and active collagen synthesis in flexor tendon repair (Fujita, Hukuda, Doida, 1992)
• HVPC E-stim increased blood flow and tissue oxygen levels in Diabetic patients with Neuropathy. (Gilcreast, Stotts, Forelicher, Baker, Moss 1998)
• Direct Current E-stim accelerated the healing of bone fractures by 30% (Jorgensen (1977)
• HVPC E-stim accelerated the healing of stage IV ulcers (Kloth, Feedar 1988)
• E-stim is a superior treatment to ultrasound in wound healing (Taskan, Ozyazgan, Tercan, Kardas, Balkanli, Saraymen, Zorlu, Ozugul 1997)
• The level of pain reported and use of analgesics dropped significantly after the electrotherapy course, compared to the control group. Walking ability improved significantly in patients reporting pain relief. ( Szopinski, Lochner & Szopinska 2014)
• (76%) patients reported improvement in their neuropathic pain with using E-stim  (Singh Julka, Alvara, Kumar, 1998)
• E-stim is a safe and effective therapy for neuropathic pain in patients with diabetes and is able to modify some parameters of peripheral nerve function. (Bosi, Conti, Vermigli,  Cazzetta, Peretti,  Cordoni, Galimberti & Scionti 2005)
• Our clinical observations suggest that transcutaneous electrotherapy is effective in reducing the pain associated with peripheral neuropathy. (Dinesh Kumar, MD, Michael S Alvaro, DPM, Inderjeet S Julka, MD and Howard J Marshall, DPM 1998)
• Electrotherapy lowered the pain and discomfort associated with peripheral neuropathy. (Kumar, MD, Marshall, DPM, 1997)

Wound Healing and Tissue Repair

• Electrical stimulation therapy to promote healing of chronic wounds: a review of reviews, Pamela E Houghton, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada 
• Electrical Stimulation Therapy Increases Rate of Healing of Pressure Ulcers in Community-Dwelling People With Spinal Cord Injury, Pamela E. Houghton, PT, PhD, Karen E. Campbell, RN, PhD, Christine H. Fraser, RD, HBSc, Connie Harris, RN, ET, MSc, David H. Keast, MD, MSc, Patrick J. Potter, MD, Keith C. Hayes, PhD, M. Gail Woodbury, PhD 
• Electric Stimulation as an Adjunct to Heal Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Edgar J. Peters, MD, Lawrence A. Lavery, DPM, MPH, David G. Armstrong, DPM, John G. Fleischli, DPM 
• Theoretical & Historical Considerations of Healing with Electricity, Ralph Zuransky 
• Electrical stimulation directly induces pre-angiogenic responses in vascular endothelial cells by signaling through VEGF receptors, Min Zhao*, Huai Bai*, Entong Wang, John V. Forrester and Colin D. McCaig

Diabetic Foot Disease

• Armstrong, DG, Lavery LA: Is Electrical Stimulation Effective in Reducing Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Diabetes?  The Journal of Foot and ankle Surgery, 36(4): 260-263, 1997 
• Armstrong, DG, Lavery LA: Is Electrical Stimulation Effective in Reducing Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Diabetes?  The Journal of Foot and ankle Surgery, 36(4): 260-263, 1997 
• Peters EJG, Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Fleischli JG.   Electric Stimulation as an Adjunct to Heal Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.  Arch Phys Med Rehabil.  Volume 82, June 2001: 721-725. 
• Gils CV.  It’s Electrifying.  OrthoKenetic Review. 1:18-22. January 2001.